A Raisin In The Sun Analysis Essay Example For Students

A Raisin In The Sun Analysis Essay Outline1 Introduction2 The Dreams of Black People3 The Conflict of Lofty Dreams4 Dreaming through the eyes of everyone.5 Conclusion Presentation A Raisin in the Sun uncovers that the story is about The Youngers, a dark American family. The leader of this family, Mr. More youthful has passed on and the protection cash of 10,000 USD is because of his family. The similar characters investigation in look into papers of every persona shows that they have their fantasies which they plan to acknowledge and don't share each other’s dreams. In this manner, they are separated on how the cash ought to be spent. The fantasy of Mama is to fabricate a house, that of Walter is to put into an alcohol organization and the Beneathea’s is to put resources into her clinical instruction while she likewise harbors fantasies about discovering her character in Africa. The fantasy of Walters spouse is equivalent to the fantasy of Mama which is to guarantee they have a progressively agreeable home. The Dreams of Black People Beneatha Younger was a noisy, astute, and new mouthed lady, her fantasy was to be a specialist and to some way or another raise her kin up. At the point when Mama put in a safe spot the cash for Beneathas training, Beneatha accepted that her fantasy would be figured it out. At the point when the cash was found to be lost, she thought her fantasy exploded in smoke. This fantasy wasnt the mission that she was expected to do however, her journey was to locate her African side and to interface with it. Beneatha began to satisfy this by conversing with Asagai (a man from Africa). She let him know, Mr. Asagai-I need each a lot to converse with you. About Africa. Mr. Aasagai, I am searching for my character. Asagai turned into a connect to Africa for Beneatha, a manual for her family line/roots. In Act II, Beneatha shows how she has associated with her African roots by doing a stylized move and by trimming her hair so it would normal. In Act III, Beneatha has the chance to associate more wi th her underlying foundations when Asagai proposes to her. He needs her to go with him back to Africa so she can rehearse medication over yonder. This would be the satisfaction of Beneathas journey, in addition to the fact that she brings out her African culture, however she additionally will return and live it. Beneatha additionally drew out the African in others also. At the point when Walter strolled in alcoholic, he started to communicate as he thinks back to the past. Walter had his own journeys also. Walter was a significant character in this book, he had probably the greatest dreams and the most desire to satisfy those. Walters dream was to have an office and to be fruitful. He needed to have a cultivator and he needed to have the option to send his child to any school that he needed. Walters mission was to take care of business, a man can be trusted and a man who stands up even with affliction. Toward the finish of Act II Scene I, Walter tells Mama, What you need me to state you done well for? You the leader of this family. Walter wont grow up until he has the responsibilty of being leader of the family, yet Mama entrusts this to him later. It aint much, yet its all I got on the planet and Im placing it in your grasp. Im advising you to be the leader of this family fro now on like you expected to be, Mama told Walter in Act II Scene II. This was the defining moment for Walter, presently Walter was endowed to settle on the choices for the family. His masculinity was likewise put down however, particularly after he lost the cash. That isn't a man. That is only a toothless rodent. Beneatha said this after Walter lost the cash, however this likewise stripped Walters new masculinity away. It wasnt even created and it was at that point gone. Walters journey was satisfied however, toward the finish of Act III he held fast against Mr. Lindner and chosen to move. Mother stated, He at long last come into his masculinity today, didnt he? Sort of like a rainbow after the downpour. Walter discovered his spine and turned into a man, some portion of Mamas mission. Understudies and School Uniforms EssayMamas dream was to have her very own place with a little nursery for blossoms. She was the authority of the family, after her better half kicked the bucket she was the person who needed to take care of the prosperity of the family. It was Mamas occupation to settle on the choices and to ensure that everybody grew up effectively. Moms journey was to pass at work of leader of the family on to Walter and to ensure that he was prepared for it. At the point when Mama endowed the cash to Walter, she enabled him to settle on the choices for the family. This was half of her mission, the other half was satisfied when Walter turned into a man and chose to move to Clybourne Park. Clybourne Park was a white neighborhood yet it was the most reasonable for the family. Mother had utilized $3,500 for an initial installment on the house, however when Walter lost the cash the idea of moving was sketchy. It was Walters choice to move or not, and he did. He crossed into masculinity by then, in this way satisfying the remainder of Mamas journey. These characters all had different missions/objectives that were very surprising from their fantasies. These missions were satisfied or were near being satisfied toward the finish of Act III. Beneathas dream was to turn into a specialist however her mission was to connect with her African roots. Toward the finish of the book she had made her hair characteristic, played out a stately move, and was offered the opportunity to go to Africa and practice medication there. Walters dream was to be effective however his journey was to take care of business, leader of the family. He became leader of the family when Mama offered it to him and he really turned into a man when he held fast and chose to move to Clybourne Park. Mothers dream was to claim a house with a graden however her journey was to pass the job of leader of the family to Walter and to ensure he turned into a man. Mother passed the job when she gave him the cash and toward the finish of Act III she was pushing Walter to settle o n the correct choice. Every one of these characters had a fantasy, however they additionally had a mission to satisfy a street to travel. The fantasies may have been conceded, yet the journeys were the things that truly made a difference.

Comparing and Constrasting Jack and Algernon Essay -- The Importance o

Contrasting and Constrasting Jack and Algernon In this Essay I will look into the characters of Jack and Algernon. I will do this by taking a gander at their conduct and mentalities towards f food, marriage, ladies, social class, training and cash. I will try to show that these characters are not disparate as we may initially be persuaded. I will utilize both the content just as the cutting edge film variant to demonstrate my thoughts. Algernon Moncrief lives in a costly level situated in Half-Moon Road. He is an emotive character simply like Wilde himself. Most definitely, assumption is my strong point. We think he is rich, which, in any case, soon, particularly in the advanced film rendition, is demonstrated to not be right. Directly toward the beginning individuals who he owes cash pursue him. Likewise his steward Lane gripes about him not paying his solitary. Algernon originates from a rich family. His auntie, Augusta Bracknell, is extremely rich. So as to keep up his live style and his place in the public arena he needs to eat with his auntie a reasonable not many occasions. Time after time as he would see it. I feasted there on Monday, and once seven days is sufficiently very It gives us that Algernon anticipates a ton, an elevated requirement of living however isn't set up to effectively accomplish and to merit it. He needs it introduced to him on a salver. Eating with his auntie is even excessively. Algernon isn't not kidding in any way. He cherishes looking at everything, offering remarks and expressions and communicating his conclusion to everything. He has a rich auntie and doesn't have to stress over anything, with the exception of what he will eat. Jack is likewise fortuned. He acquired some cash from the late Mr Thomas Cardew. An affluent man who discovered him the cloakroom of Victoria station... ... being great constantly. That would be lip service. Gwendolyn furthermore, Cecily are pulled in by the devilish and offensive foundations of Algernon and Jack and are not so much intrigued by who they truly are, the length of their name is Ernest. Cecily keeps a journal and in her journal she is now connected with to Algernon(Ernest) months before he has requested that her wed him. On the fourteenth of February last. Exhausted by your whole obliviousness of my reality, I resolved to end the issue one way or the other, and after a long battle with myself I acknowledged you under this dear old tree here Cecily loathes training. She wouldn't like to learn thus this shows that she wouldn't like to utilize or squander it. This can likewise be appeared, as she writtes a journal and says that she doesn't confide in her memory. She likes perusing and keeping in touch with her journal which resembles her memory.

Ambien Withdrawal Symptoms, Timeline, & Treatment

Ambien Withdrawal Symptoms, Timeline, & Treatment February 16, 2020 More in Addiction Coping and Recovery Overcoming Addiction Methods and Support Personal Stories Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use In This Article Table of Contents Expand Overview Signs & Symptoms Coping & Relief Warnings Long-Term Treatment Ambien (zolpidem) is a prescription medication used to treat insomnia. It belongs to a group of drugs called sedative-hypnotics that work by depressing the central nervous system and slowing down brain activity. While Ambien is generally considered safer than certain other sedatives, it can still be misused. Long-term use may lead to tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal.  Verywell / Gary Ferster Overview If you’ve been taking large doses of Ambien for more than a few weeks, you may experience withdrawal symptoms upon stopping. These symptoms can range from a general unwell feeling to tremors, panic attacks, and vomiting. Case reports suggest that withdrawal symptoms are most common among people who quit abruptly after long-term or heavy use.  Ambien is also sometimes used recreationally (which includes taking larger doses than prescribed or intentionally staying awake after taking) to take advantage of the drug’s intoxicating effects. Ambien dependence is more likely in people with a history of drug or alcohol misuse. Dependence and withdrawal are rare in people taking Ambien exactly as directed, but it can happen. According to the drug manufacturer, withdrawal symptoms appear in about 1% of people taking a therapeutic dose. However, clinical trials did not incorporate the experiences of people misusing Ambien. The effects of Ambien are akin to alcohol intoxication, causing impaired judgment, slurred speech, and behavioral changes. Ambien misuse is most common among teenagers and young adults. Occasional recreational use in social situations sometimes develops into a regular habit. The drug is sometimes used as a substitute for other substances or to counterbalance the effects of stimulants and is sometimes snorted or injected for that purpose. People in drug treatment programs may start using it to treat withdrawal symptoms or to get high on something that doesn’t show up on most drug tests. Signs Symptoms Although it was previously believed to be rare, new research suggests that withdrawal symptoms may be common among those who take the drug more frequently or in higher doses than prescribed.?? Unfortunately, there is very little data available about Ambien withdrawal, and further research is needed. From reports of specific cases, clinicians know that Ambien withdrawal can range from mild to severe and depend on factors such as how long you have used Ambien, the dosage youre taking, in what form youve taken Ambien (i.e., swallowed as a pill vs. snorting or injecting the substance), and your unique genetic makeup. Mild symptoms can include insomnia and restlessness. These symptoms may be bothersome and can interfere slightly with your day-to-day activities. Severe withdrawal symptoms, which would prevent you from engaging in normal activities, include flu-like symptoms such as nausea and vomiting, sweating, and muscle cramps. There are reports of people experiencing severe anxiety and nervousness. It is also possible to experience tremors, become lightheaded, have a panic attack, or even potentially have a seizure. Ambien withdrawal symptoms would begin within several hours to a couple of days after your last dose and should resolve within a matter of days. Possible Ambien Withdrawal Symptoms Physical Restlessness Hand tremors Headache Sweating Racing pulse Hyperventilation Nausea or vomiting Aches and pains Speech difficulties Hypertension Psychological Anxiety Panic attacks Insomnia Confusion or delirium These symptoms may be compounded by the effects of other substances youre taking. Coping Relief If you take a regular therapeutic dose of Ambien, it is unlikely that you will experience withdrawal symptoms. You may, however, have trouble sleeping without it. To train your body to fall asleep without sleep aids, you may choose to taper your dose over the course of one to two weeks. You can use a pill cutter, which you can pick up at any pharmacy, to chop your pill into halves and quarters. You should, however, consult your doctor before making changes to your medications. If you are still having trouble sleeping, consider talking to your doctor about melatonin as an alternative. Melatonin is a natural chemical produced in the brain that helps regulate your sleep cycles. As you get older, your brain doesn’t produce as much melatonin as it used to. A melatonin supplement at bedtime can help. There are also other herbal remedies that can help you fall asleep, such as valerian root and chamomile tea.   If you are experiencing severe symptoms of Ambien withdrawal, your doctor or inpatient programs physician may recommend the short-term use of a sedative such as Klonopin (clonazepam), an antipsychotic like Seroquel (quetiapine), or an anticonvulsant such as Neurontin (gabapentin). How Exactly Does Stress Affect Sleep? Warnings Talk to your doctor before making any changes to your medication. If you are worried about withdrawal, your doctor can help you safely taper down your dose. If you are pregnant or planning on becoming pregnant, talk to your doctor right away. Ambien can be potentially harmful to a developing fetus. If you regularly take a higher than normal dose of Ambien, you may be at increased risk of severe withdrawal symptoms. You should speak with your doctor and refrain from self-medicating with other drugs or alcohol. Long-Term Treatment Recovery from an Ambien use disorder can be difficult. If you are having trouble quitting or are trying to quit more than one substance, then it’s important to ask for help. That help may be medical, psychological, or social. Outpatient treatment comes in many forms. You may choose to start with your regular doctor or a psychiatrist who can help you with medically-assisted detox. You may also choose to see a therapist for therapy. Psychotherapy can help you identify triggers that motivate your substance use and teach you the skills to handle those situations. Other long-term treatment options include group therapy sessions and 12-Step meetings. Group therapy sessions are offered at hospitals and addiction treatment centers. 12-Step meetings like Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and Narcotics Anonymous (NA) take place every day in cities and towns throughout the country. If you need more support than outpatient treatments or 12-Step programs can provide, you may want to consider spending some time in an inpatient treatment facility. Resources If you are ready to quit taking Ambien, the best place to start is with your prescribing doctor. Your doctor can advise you about the best way to quit and help you develop a plan to deal with any potential withdrawal symptoms. If you or someone you love is struggling with other substance use issues, you may want to seek out a qualified mental health provider or addiction specialist. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) offers a searchable directory that can help you find a provider in your area. You can also call SAMHSA’s national helpline at 1-800-662-HELP. To find a 12-Step meeting in your area, use searchable online directories for Alcoholics Anonymous and Narcotics Anonymous. A Word From Verywell Ambien use disorder is a potentially serious problem. If you have been taking Ambien in ways other than how it was prescribed or are worried about Ambien withdrawal symptoms, dont hesitate to ask for help. How to Find the Right Addiction Recovery Program

Habits and Traits of the Asian Longhorned Beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis

A recent immigrant to the United States, the Asian longhorned beetle (ALB) made its presence known quickly. Accidental introductions, probably in wooden packing crates from China, led to infestations in New York and Chicago in the 1990s. Thousands of trees were chipped and burned to prevent its spread. More recently, Anoplophora glabripennis appeared in New Jersey and Toronto, Canada. What makes this beetle so dangerous to our trees? All four stages of the life cycle damage the host trees. Description: The Asian Longhorned Beetle belongs to the family of wood boring beetles, Cerambycidae. Adult beetles measure 1-1 ½ inches in length. Their shiny black bodies have white spots or markings, and the long antennae have alternating black and white stripes. The Asian longhorned beetle may be mistaken for two species native to the U.S., the cottonwood borer and the whitespotted sawyer. All other stages of the life cycle occur within the host tree, so its not likely you will see them. The female chews away a small amount of bark and lays white, oval eggs singly within the tree. Larvae, which are also white and resemble small grubs, chew their way through the vascular tissue of the tree and move into the wood. Pupation happens within the tunnels the larvae create in the wood. The newly emerged adult chews its way out of the tree. Usually, identification of this pest is made by observing damage to the host trees, and then finding an adult beetle to confirm the suspected infestation. When the female oviposits, it causes the sap to weep. When a tree has multiple wounds with dripping sap, wood borers may be suspected. As the adults chew their way out of the tree, they push large amounts of sawdust from their exit holes. This accumulated sawdust, usually around the base of the tree or piled in the crotch of branches, is another sign of the Asian longhorned beetle. The adult beetle emerges from an oval exit hole about the size of a pencil eraser. Classification: Kingdom - AnimaliaPhylum - ArthropodaClass - InsectaOrder - ColeopteraFamily - CerambycidaeGenus - AnoplophoraSpecies - A. glabripennis Diet: Asian longhorned beetles feed on wood of many common hardwood species: birches, common horsechestnuts, elms, hackberries, London planes, maples, mountain ashes, poplars, aspens, and willows. They show a particular preference for maples. Larvae feed on the phloem tissue and wood; adults feed on bark during their mating and egg-laying period. Life Cycle: Asian longhorned beetles undergo complete metamorphosis with four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. Egg - Eggs are laid singly within the host trees bark, and hatch in 1-2 weeks.Larva  - Newly hatched larvae tunnel into the vascular tissue of the tree. As they mature, larvae migrate into the wood, causing extensive damage. Larvae may reach 5 cm in length when fully grown, feeding for at least 3 months.Pupa - At maturity, the larvae move near the surface of the tree (under the bark) to pupate. Adults emerge in about 18 days.Adult - The adult beetles actively mate and lay eggs throughout the summer and fall. Special Adaptations and Defenses: Asian longhorned beetle larvae and adults chew wood with large mandibles. Adults, especially males, display long antennae used to sense the sex pheromones of potential mates. Habitat: Areas where host trees are available, particularly where maples, elms, and ash are in abundance. In the U.S. and Canada, known Asian longhorned beetle infestations have occurred in urban areas. Range: The Asian longhorned beetles native range includes China and Korea. Accidental introductions expanded the range to include the United States, Canada, and Austria, hopefully temporarily. The introduced populations are believed to be under control. Other Common Names: Starry sky beetle, Asian cerambycid beetle Sources: Asian Longhorned Beetle, Canadian Forest ServiceAsian Longhorned Beetle, University of Vermont Entomology Researh Laboratory

Social Work Reflection Paper - 871 Words

A helping profession is one that nurtures the growth of or addresses the problems of a persons physical, psychological, intellectual, emotional or spiritual well-being. At this stage of my life Social Work is what I am most interested in practicing because it provides opportunities for me to work in many different settings with people whose problems, issues and needs are diverse. My second choice would then be guidance counseling which is the process of helping individuals discover and develop their educational, vocational, and psychological potentialities and thereby achieve an optimal level of personal happiness and social usefulness. I am interested in the helping profession because I have a strong desire to help others in difficult†¦show more content†¦According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary justice is ‘the maintenance or administration of what is just especially by the impartial adjustment of conflicting claims or the assignment of merited rewards or punishments.’ Oxford dictionary states it as ‘just behavior or treatment.’ Wikipedia says ‘The Western notion of justice is a concept of moral rightness based on ethics, rationality, law, natural law, religion or equity. It is also the act of being just and/or fair.’ Whatever the various definitions of justice are, as a social worker my work should be aimed at providing justice for my clients whenever the situation arises. Being a personal value of mine, justice can both advance and hinder my work. It can advance my work because of the drive and belief I have in its execution. I will be motivated to go beyond the call of duty to ensure that justice is served and I will be empowered to stand up for what is right and fair. However, how far beyond the call of duty I go can hinder my work. If I let my personal views of justice get the better of me I can end up going too far in my intentions and make the case even worse than it was. My reaction to situations will play an important part in my work as a social worker. My feelings, thoughts and reaction to situations are what will allow/enable me to carry out my responsibilitiesShow MoreRelatedReflection Paper On Social Work2061 Words   |  9 Pagespictures painted in my mind about how hands on Social Work was carried out in the â€Å"real† world. Several family members warned me about high burnout and nearly discouraged the challenging journey I had worked so hard to begin. 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Meaning that people adapt to the status of the state and what is made available. Both my parents work in orderRead MoreEng 225 Week 5 Film Critique Final Paper836 Words   |  4 PagesENG 225 Week 5 Film Critique Final Paper Click Link Below To Buy: http://hwcampus.com/shop/eng-225/eng-225-week-5-film-critique-final-paper/ Or Visit www.hwcampus.com ENG 225 Week 5 Film Critique Final Paper Focus of the Final Film Critique Throughout this course, you have been compiling a blog and writing essays that analyze various elements of film such as theme, cinematic techniques, and genre. 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Pestel and Porters Tesco Free Essays

PESTEL provides an analysis into the external business factors which may effect the company performances. It can be used on a daily, weekly, monthly and yearly basis to analysis the macro environmental effects on a company. POLITICAL-EU Free trading laws promoting trade between western and eastern European resulting in expansion of tesco retail outlets ECONOMIC-Economic recession has affected consumers buying behaviors. We will write a custom essay sample on Pestel and Porters Tesco or any similar topic only for you Order Now Consumers buy essential commodities however the demand for luxury has decreased. Consumers spend less time eating out and spend more time eating in, in order to cut down on cost. SOCIAL-The majority of the uk population is made up of retired people who spend less on food and eat less. Consumer attitude changing to become more healthy. Increase in demand for organic foods. Increase in UK ethnicity population has lead to a wide range of food items available in store TECHNOLOGICAL-Increase in population access to internet has caused an increase in Online grocery shopping. Loyaty programs has enabled tesco to analyze consumers spending habits. Mobile technology allowing convenient shopping on mobile devices. Self service tills makes buying quicker for customers ENVIRONMENTAL-Incentives to re-use bags and be more environmentally friendly. Recycling center’s available at tescos. Carbon foot print data available on some products. Greener living scheme which advices customers on environmental issues such as how to reduce food waste and carbon foot print when preparing meals LEGAL-Increase in VAT rate will affect the non-food sector of tescos. Increase of minimum wage of over 21s (from 6. 08 to 6. 9) impacts operating costs. PORTERS 5 forces allows the analysis of the competitive environment. SUBSTITUTE of PRODUCTS and services-Low threat of substitute for food products as tescos provides quality goods at low prices Substitutes- indirect- pubs offering food, local marketss or shops, on line suppliers New COMPETITORS – Low rate of competition from new entrants into the market because it takes a huge investment and a new business pathway to capture customers however lidl, aldi have come in to the market capturing a new market with lower prices. Marks and spencer offer food at the high end of the market Old COMPETITORS – High rate of competition from other food retail stores such as asda, Morrison, Sainsbury’s and waitros in the form of price, promotions and retaining customer loyalty. Competitors Sainsbury etc compete as a traditional competitor for market share BARGINING POWER OF BUYERS High bargaining powers of buyers in the supermarkets, high. We have lots of choice as to where we shop. Tesco have to keep on their toes to be competitive. When I take the DLR to work however the buyer has no power, no choice, so prices go up BARGINING POWERS OF SUPPLIERS – suppliers to supermarkets have little power and get squeezed by the big boys. they have to supply at a lower price, will not get paid by tesco until it suits tesco. How to cite Pestel and Porters Tesco, Papers

The Pathophysiology of Adhd Essay Example

The Pathophysiology of Adhd Essay Research on children with ADHD has shown a general reduction of brain volume, but with a proportionally greater reduction in the volume of the left-sided prefrontal cortex. These findings suggest that the core ADHD features of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity may reflect frontal lobe dysfunction, but other brain regions particularly the cerebellum have also been implicated. 88] Neuroimaging studies in ADHD have not always given consistent results and as of 2008 are only used for research not diagnostic purposes. [89] A 2005 review of published studies involving neuroimaging, neuropsychological genetics, and neurochemistry found converging lines of evidence to suggest that four connected frontostriatal regions play a role in the pathophysiology of ADHD: The lateral prefrontal cortex, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, caudate, and putamen. 90] In one study a delay in development of certain brain structures by an average of three years occurred in ADHD elementary school aged patients. The delay was most prominent in the frontal cortex and temporal lobe, which are believed to be responsible for the ability to control and focus thinking. In contrast, the motor cortex in the ADHD patients was seen to mature faster than normal, suggesting that both slower development of behavioral control and advanced motor development might be required for the fidgetiness that characterizes ADHD. It should be noted that stimulant medication itself may affect growth factors of the central nervous system. [92] The same laboratory had previously found involvement of the 7-repeat variant of the dopamine D4 receptor gene, which accounts for about 30 percent of the genetic risk for ADHD, in unusual thinness of the cortex of the right side of the brain; however, in contrast to other variants of the gene found in ADHD patients, the region normalized in thickness during the teen years in these children, coinciding with clinical improvement. 93] Additionally, SPECT scans found people with ADHD to have reduced blood circulation (indicating low neural activity),[94] and a significantly higher concentration of dopamine transporters in the striatum which is in charge of planning ahead. [95][96] A study by the U. S. Department of Energy’s Brookhaven National Laboratory in collaboration with Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York suggest that it is not the dopamine transporter lev els that indicate ADHD, but the brains ability to roduce neurotransmitters like dopamine itself. The study was done by injecting 20 ADHD subjects and 25 control subjects with a radiotracer that attaches itself to dopamine transporters. The study found that it was not the transporter levels that indicated ADHD, but the dopamine itself. ADHD subjects showed lower levels of dopamine (hypodopaminergia) across the board. They speculated that since ADHD subjects had lower levels of dopamine to begin with, the number of transporters in the brain was not the telling factor. We will write a custom essay sample on The Pathophysiology of Adhd specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Pathophysiology of Adhd specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Pathophysiology of Adhd specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In support of this notion, plasma homovanillic acid, an index of dopamine levels, was found to be inversely related not only to childhood ADHD symptoms in adult psychiatric patients, but to childhood learning problems in healthy subjects as well. [97] One interpretation of dopamine pathway tracers is that the biochemical reward mechanism works for those with ADHD only when the task performed is inherently motivating; low levels of dopamine raise the threshold at which someone can maintain focus on a task which is otherwise boring. [98] Neuroimaging studies also found that neurotransmitters level (e. . dopamine and serotonin) in the synaptic cleft goes down during depression. [99][100] A 1990 PET scan study by Alan J. Zametkin et al. found that global cerebral glucose metabolism was 8% lower in medication-naive adults who had been hyperactive since childhood. [101] Further studies found that chronic stimulant treatment had little effect on global glucose metabolism,[102] a 1993 study in girls failed to find a decreased global glucose metabolism, but found significant differences in glucose metabolism in 6 specific regions of the brains of ADHD girls as compared to control subjects. The study also found that differences in one specific region of the frontal lobe were statistically correlated with symptom severity. [103] A further study in 1997 also failed to find global differences in glucose metabolism, but similarly found differences in glucose normalization in specific regions of the brain. The 1997 study also noted that their findings were somewhat different than those in the 1993 study, and concluded that sexual maturation may have played a role in this discrepancy. 104] The significance of the research by Zametkin has not been determined and neither his group nor any other has been able to replicate the 1990 results. [105][106][107] Critics, such as Jonathan Leo and David Cohen, who reject the characterization of ADHD as a disorder, contend that the controls for stimulant medication usage were inadequate in some lobar volumetric studies which makes it impossible to determine whether ADHD itself or psychotropic medication used to treat ADHD is responsible f or the decreased thickness observed[108] in certain brain regions. While the main study in question used age-matched controls, it did not provide information on height and weight of the subjects. These variables it has been argued could account for the regional brain size differences rather than ADHD itself. [109][110] They believe many neuroimaging studies are oversimplified in both popular and scientific discourse and given undue weight despite deficiencies in experimental methodology. [109] Diagnosis ADHD is diagnosed via a psychiatric assessment; to rule out other potential causes or comorbidities, physical examination, radiological imaging, and laboratory tests may be used. [111] In North America, the DSM-IV criteria are often the basis for a diagnosis, while European countries usually use the ICD-10. If the DSM-IV criteria are used, rather than the ICD-10, a diagnosis of ADHD is 3–4 times more likely. [13] Factors other than those within the DSM or ICD however have been found to affect the diagnosis in clinical practice. A childs social and school environment as well as academic pressures at school are likely to be of influence. [112] Many of the symptoms of ADHD occur from time to time in everyone; in patients with ADHD, the frequency of these symptoms is greater and patients lives are significantly impaired. Impairment must occur in multiple settings to be classified as ADHD. [32] As with many other psychiatric and medical disorders, the formal diagnosis is made by a qualified professional in the field based on a set number of criteria. In the USA these criteria are laid down by the American Psychiatric Association in their Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), 4th edition. Based on the DSM-IV criteria listed below, three types of ADHD are classified: ADHD, Combined Type: if both criteria 1A and 1B are met for the past 6 months ADHD Predominantly Inattentive Type: if criterion 1A is met but criterion 1B is not met for the past six months ADHD, Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Type: if criterion 1B is met but criterion 1A is not met for the past six months. 113] The previously used term ADD expired with the most recent revision of the DSM. Consequently, ADHD is the current nomenclature used to describe the disorder as one distinct disorder which can manifest itself as being a primary deficit resulting in hyperactivity/impulsivity (ADHD, predominately hyperactive-impulsive type) or inattention (ADHD predominately inattentive type) or both (ADHD combined type).

Celia A Slave essays

Celia A Slave essays Melton McLaurins book Celia, A Slave is the account of the trial, conviction, and execution of a female slave for the murder of her master in 1855. The author uses evidence compiled through studying documents from Callaway County, Missouri and the surrounding area during the middle of the Nineteenth Century. Although much of what we can determine about this event is merely speculation, we are able to guess the motives that contribute to the way in which many of the events unfold. Because of the details of the trial, many of the people involved probably faced several difficult decisions that led to the outcome of the trial. During the 1850s the United States was involved in a heated debate over the issue of slavery. Many of the residents of Missouri and nearby Kansas were fighting for or against the institution of slavery. The outcome of this trial was important because it could have a tremendous affect upon the way the legal system in Missouri viewed the rights of slaves, and the ways in which they would be forced to interpret the laws of the State in regard to how they where to apply to slaves. The first of the main characters we are introduced to is Celias master, Robert Newsom. Mr. Newsom was a wealthy landowner in Callaway County. In 1850, after the death of his wife, Robert Newsom purchased a fourteen year old slave girl from nearby Audrain County. The purpose, as far as McLaurin can tell for her purchase was as a replacement for Robert Newsoms wife. From the time that Newsom first acquires Celia, he begins to rape her on a regular basis. Although it was generally accepted as being morally wrong for a slave master to sexually abuse a slave, Robert Newsom seems to view her as his property, to do with as he pleased rather than as a human being. So the first of many ethical decisions is made, as Robert Newsom begins an unauthorized sexual relationship with his slave which lasts five years unti...

How to Redirect Your Mail in Canada at the Post Office

How to Redirect Your Mail in Canada at the Post Office If you are moving, be sure to arrange for your mail to be redirected so you dont miss anything important. These instructions are for having your postal address changed at the post office. You can also use the Change of Address Online Service to have your mail redirected via computer. Should You Redirect Your Mail? In order to continue to receive your mail at a new address, you will need to use Canada Posts in-person or online service to forward your mail. You can use Canada Posts redirect services for both permanent and temporary moves. When making a permanent move, you can choose whether to forward your mail for four months or one year. When making a temporary move, you can choose to  forward for three months with the option to continue on a month-to-month basis thereafter. The following steps apply to both residential and business relocations. Follow These 6 Steps to Redirect Your Mail At least two weeks before your move, go to any ​postal outlet in Canada and complete a Redirection of Mail Service form.  Pay the appropriate fee.  The cost of mail forwarding will vary, depending on whether your new address is within the same province, within Canada or in another country. There also are different rates for residential and business moves.The Redirection of Mail Service form will be sent to the postal supervisor for your old address.Ask for change of address cards.Complete the change of address cards and send them to all your regular correspondents, including your bank, credit card companies  and other companies with which you regularly do business.If you still want your mail redirected after the initial period, go to a postal outlet and renew the service before the redirect period has ended. Pay the current fee. Additional Considerations Note that mail can be redirected to any other address in Canada, in the United States  and to many international addresses. For security reasons, youll need to show two pieces of identification, preferably photo ID.

Competency Training (Fire Service) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Competency Training (Fire Service) - Essay Example Fire fighters need up-to-date, comprehensive training materials to thoroughly prepare for any situation that may arise. The mission is to provide leadership to career and volunteer chiefs, chief fire officers, and managers of emergency service organizations through vision, information, education, services, and representation to enhance their professionalism and capabilities [2]. The main goal is that the firefighters in the operation department would execute their duties professionally, and with confidence, which would result in reduction of property loss and damage, subsequently re-instating stakeholder confidence in the Fire Department to carry out its mandate. One of the major challenges today to attain this goal is that a number of independent systems of training and education staggers fire service professionals. Besides, as the professional qualification series has grown, it is becoming increasingly difficult for firefighters or departments to find the necessary time to accomplish these levels of competency [3]. Efficient training systems are those that identify what they do well and take advantage of the strengths and opportunities provided by other systems to supplement their efforts. There should be a national system for fire service training and education because, as with other professions, a theoretical core of academic courses should be a prerequisite for entering these fields. The fire and emergency services should move towards becoming a full-fledged profession just like doctors, lawyers, nurses and other professions [4]. In theory providing emergency fire service is a ‘portable’ skill. Right now, there is no one un iversally recognized and reciprocal system to acquire the knowledge and skills required in the Fire and Emergency Services. The Fire Service training has important roles to play in the reform agenda. They should be re-modeled in order to be more effective. There is a need for

Three Issues for Graduate Nurse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Three Issues for Graduate Nurse - Essay Example In other words it is the relationship that exists pertaining to doctors and nurses, regarding the method, nature and level of communication between them. However, not all nurses possess the appropriate qualities of communication. Interprofessional communication issue is brought about by lack of good communication skills between the nurses and doctors, which eventually results in violence, hostility and/or sexual harassment (Raising the SBAR, 42). The effect that results in these circumstances results in mainly inefficiencies in the provision of healthcare to the public. In the forum, there was emphasis put predominantly on the issue of interprofessional communication. Many nurses face the rage of uncouth supervision, which ends in the detriment of many in the nursing profession, engraving a bad reputation to the nursing industry leading to repulsion of many new entrants into the nursing profession. Other issues arising in this discussion concerning the hurdle of inter-professional co mmunication were the use of abusive language between doctors and nurses, discrimination due to professional standards, sexual harassment and sometimes harshness (Dorschner, 43, 2010). According to Raising the SBAR (41) the president of American Nurses Association of California put forward possible remedies that could aid in reformation of the nursing sector. He urged those in the nursing industry to pick a leaf from their counterparts in other professions and endeavor towards a coherent relationship in the workplace. Some departments in the health profession have been known to encourage a favorable environment for their workers and patients: mental disability departments, analgesic care and hospices. This has been influenced primarily by the rise in awareness campaigns towards teaching graduates on the need for holding proper communication skills. Personally, enhanced interprofessional communication will assist me to easily get used to the new working environment. This will be attri buted to the efficient communication with my colleagues who will be on different professional levels. Task 2: Relevance to a Graduate Nurse The reason for my entry into the healthcare industry is that I hold a personal interest to render a helping hand to the less fortunate, the sick and the elderly. I however have a challenge of expressing myself especially in times of crisis. Currently, many learning institutions are trying to bridge the gap by providing extra education course units to be covered which include linguistic course units. The relationship evident between the doctors and nurses and between the nurses directly attributes to the numbers of patients that show up at the health facilities (Fero, Witsberger, Wesmiller, Zullo &, Hoffman, 142, 2009). For those institutions that do not hold these privileges, it is important that graduates take a step and strive to curb the language barrier, as it will also make it easier for them to fit in the professional registered nurse fiel d. Emphasis was put particularly on the issues that arise regarding inter-professional communication. Due to the rise in the number of graduate nurses in the field, some limelight has been shed on the issue of inter-professional communication and many nurses and doctors have taken up the ideology that many other fields of professions employ. There is a sense of hope that reforms will take

Position Of Women In India

Position Of Women In India Chapter-1 Introduction: Status and Social Position of Women The women are the soul of our community and they are self build and self trained human responsible for the morale development of their children, inspiration for the family and an example for the community to follow. As a wife, woman is his best friend and inspiration. The history conveys that, Each successful man has an inspiring woman responsible for success. According to Swami Vivekananda- That country and that nation that do not respect women have never become great, nor ever be in future. According to Historian Romilla Thapper- Within the Indian sub-continent there have been infinite variations on the status of women diverging according to culture malice, family structure, class, caste, property rights and morals. Tagores said, Womens are the ornaments of society. The society was male dominated and he ruled mainly by ethics and morals. But now a days womens are enjoying the topmost supremacy and these have won over intelligence and mental capacity of the men. Today if it was that the society was Male-Dominated then india wouldnt have produced highlighting examples such as P.T.Usha-The Women Athlete, Lata Mangeshkar-The Nightingale and the Singer, Sonia Gandhi-Political and Klpana Chawla-The Indian Astronaut. Today the proverb given above has proved true. A woman is the pillar of a family, and concussively that of a nation. The statue of liberty which is symbol of peace and liberty is none other than that of a woman. Therefore, respect women and every life. In spite of fifty percent of the population on the world wide, women were not in equal status with men. This differential position causes socialization raises from boys and girls are different roles. As a traditional form, the status and social role of the women in every society, specific Indian society have been women are weaker than men. Women are the teachers of the society and they are not competitors. Woman as the mother is the best friend and teacher for the child, especially girl child (Firestone, Catlett, 1993, the Mother-Daughter Bond). Woman as friend is an inspiring support for any task. Woman as wife is a best friend and supportive partner for the husband. Woman as a family member is a best family manager and care taker of family values and traditions. Women as a community member are an example of love, friendliness, inspiration and the best worker. These are the common roles and responsibilities performed by the women community around the world. Woman is an all-round pla yer in the game where, playground is family. The only difference is that, woman is an all-round player at almost all such play grounds around the world. In family, woman is an excellent manger cum worker. The social stratification of women in-India however leaves them as a second rate citizen. This is no more evident than the violence to which a woman is subjected in her domestic setup. Violence against woman is present is every society cutting boundaries of class, culture, education and age. Even though most societies proscribe violence against woman, the reality is that she is tortured physically, psychologically, sexually and economically, the right to equality, security dignity and self worth are denied to woman. At times the place where a woman seeks love, safety, security and shelter, becomes a place of terror and violence at the hands of somebody close to them whom they trust. If we visualize the multiple view of the, woman from various families working for her children, family and herself; we will find that there several women working for the development of their respective families. In broad sense, they are working for collectively development of the family, community and society in which they live because; community is the united from of varied families. A woman is never appreciated for her indirect contribution in this strong development and in the progress of her children, family or external community. She can be said as a silent and selfless leader. We take woman as a strong pillar on which the progress of the family and community depends. If she is educated enough to utilize and manage the family resources in smart manner and every woman does so, than such community will definitely progress irrespective of the variations in the religion, tradition, culture and financial background that are present in any community around the world. There can be many situations that can prevent woman from performing at her best. It can be lack of peer support, illiteracy, lack of knowledge, lack of resources or lack inspiration to name few. Crime, atrocity and violence against woman is a manifestation of the historically unequal power relations between man and woman, which led to the domination of a womans fuller advancement. Violence in the domestic spare is usually committed by them who are or who have been, is position of trust and intimacy and power-husbands father, brother, uncle sons or other relatives. It does not mean that women are not violent but their actions account for a small percentage of domestic violence. Such as outside homes these type activity boy friend and unknown person. The criminals, atrocious abuser and the abused are tied together because of emotional, physical, biological, familial, residential and financial ties, and are often their intimate partners.  Perpetrators of domestic violence seek power and control over their survivors. The factors which contribute to the continued prevalence of violence are mainly the womens lack of access to legal information, aid or protection and also the lack of laws that effectively prohibit violence against women.  There is also failure to reform existing laws and the efforts made on part of public authorities to promote awareness of and enforce existing laws are also inadequate. The absence of educational and other means to address the causes and consequences of violence is also the reason behind prevalence of violence. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) declares that Motherhood and childhood are entitled for special care whether born in or out of wedlock shall enjoy the same protection.  The Indian constitution enshrines in Art.14, 15, 39(a) (d) and (e) that the state shall ensure a just social order for women based on equality and dignity. In spite of all these, and on the sacred land of Sita, Sabitri and Damayanti it found that women are being seduced, tortured, and enjoyed and betrayed. In spite of Constitutional guarantees and legal protection there is a rise on the trend of committing offenses against women and the domestic violence is one of them. Women have always played a specific and crucial role which has been veiled in society and history. Traditionally, the Indian woman has been the keystone of the family and society in general. She creates life, nurtures it, guards and strengthens it. In her task as mother, she plays a vital role in the development of the nation.   Status and social position of women in India Women in India have been always topics of concern since ancient period. They can as a exact example of perfect home-makers. With their incomparable quality of the calm ness of mind they easily handle even toughest situation as well. The Indian women are fully devoted to their families. They are preached in the names like as Goddess Durga, Goddess Saraswati, Parvati and goddess Kali.  The evolution of the status and social position of women in India  has been a continuous process of ups and downs throughout history. For the purpose of depicting a brief survey of the changing position and role of women in India throughout history, four broad periods are considered: Ancient Period Medieval Period Modern India Period British-India Period. After Independence Period Brief described each period on following as:- A) Ancient Period Many women have comforted themselves with a view of many scholars that women were greatly honored in the ancient India from Vedic times. They enjoyed freedom good status and learning opportunities. In those days women must have had certainly freedom it appears that the Vedic women were probably comparable to modern women. Recently some women historians have attempted different interpretations of the original Brahmanical Texts. On the one hand Scriptures have glorifies womanhood. They have treated women as the equals of men. On the other hand some sacred texts held women not only disrespect but even in a positive hatred. There are contradictions and generalizations, which can be interpreted in either way. Women held very important position in ancient Indian society. It was a position superior to men. There are literary evidences to suggest that woman power destroyed kingdoms and mighty rulers.Elango Adigals Sillapathigaram mentioned that Madurai the capital of Pandyas was burnt when Pandyan ruler Nedunchezhiyan killed a womans husband by mistake. Veda Vyasas Mahabharata tells the story of fall of Kauravas because they humiliated queen Draupadi.Valmikis Ramyana is also about the wiping away of Ravana when he abducted and tried to marry Sita forcibly. The plethora of Goddesses in ancient period was created to instil respect for women. Ardhanareeshwar, which called God is half-man and half-woman, was highly worshipped. Women were allowed to have multiple husbands. For example:- 1. Manu has told that where women are honoured the Gods are leased but where they are not honoured, no sacred rite yields any reward. But it is as clear as day light that the same Manu has formulated the theory of sacred tutelage of women when he said that a woman has to depend on her father in her childhood, on her husband in youth and on her sons during her old age and no woman is fit for freedom. Pita rakshathi Kaumare Bhartha rakshathi yavvane Rakshanthi Putrah Stavire, na Sthree svatantram arhati. 2. Yagnavalkya had told that women are the embodiment of all divine virtues on earth. Soma has bestowed all his purity on them. Gandhrva has given them sweetness of speech and Agni has showered all his brilliance to make them most attractive. She is the goddess (Devata as well as a lurer (pramada). Manu says women are able to lead astray not only the ignorant but also even the learned men and make him a slave of lust and anger. Such lofty ideals about women have been repeated in Ramayana and Mahabharata also. B) Medieval Period Medieval India has not womens age it is supposed to be the dark age for them. Medieval India saw many foreign conquests, which resulted in the decline in womens status. When foreign conquerors like Muslims invaded India they brought with them their own culture. These period women was the sole property of her father, brother or husband and she does not have any will of her own. This type of thinking also crept into the minds of Indian people and they also began to treat their own women like this. One more reason for the decline in womens status and freedom was that original Indians wanted to shield their women folk from the barbarous Muslim invaders. As polygamy was a norm for these invaders they picked up any women they wanted and kept her in their harems. In order to protect them Indian women started using Purdah, (a veil), which covers body. Due to this reason their freedom also became affected. They were not allowed to move freely and this lead to the further deterioration of their status. These problems related with women resulted in changed attitude of people. Now they began to consider a girl as misery and a burden, which has to be shielded from the eyes of intruders and needs extra care. Whereas a boy child will not need such extra c are and instead will be helpful as an earning hand. Thus a nasty circle started in which women was at the receiving end. All this gave rise to some new evils such as Child Marriage, Sati, Jauhar, devdasi, restriction on widow marriage, Purdha system and restriction on girl education. Sati: Sati is known as the ritual of dying at the funeral pyre of the husband. According to some of the Hindu scriptures dying at the funeral pyre women of her husband go straight to heaven so its good to practice this ritual. Initially it was not obligatory for the women but if she practiced such a custom she was highly respected by the society. Sati was considered to be the better option than living as a widow as the plight of widows in Hindu society was even worse. Some of the scriptures like Medhatiti had different view it say that Sati is like committing suicide so one should avoid this. Jauhar: It is also more or less similar to Sati but it is a mass suicide. Jauhar was prevalent in the Rajput societies. In this custom wives immolated themselves while their husbands were still alive. Jauhar are also known to place a high profile on honour. When people of Rajput clan became sure that they were going to die at the hands of their enemy then all the women arrange a large pyre and set themselves afire, while their husband used to fight the last decisive battle known as Shaka, with the enemy. Thus are defending the sanctity of the women and the whole clan. Devadasis: Devadasi system is a religious practice in some parts of southern India, in which women are married to a deity or temple. The ritual was well established by the 10th century A.D. In the later period the illegitimate sexual exploitation of the Devadasis become a norm in some parts of India. Child Marriage: It was a norm in medieval India. Girls were married off at the age of 8-10. They were not allowed access to education and were treat as the material being. The plight of women can be imagined by one of the shloka of Tulsidas where he writes [r1] Dhol, gawar, shudra, pashu, nari, ye sab tadan ke adhikari. Meaning that are animals, illiterates, lower castes and women should be subjected to beating. Thus women were compared with animals and were married off at an early age. The child marriage along with it bring some more problems such as increased birth rate, poor health of women due to repeated child bearing and high mortality rate of women and children. Restriction on Widow Remarriage: The condition of widows in medieval India was very bad. They were not treating as human being and were subjected to a large number of restrictions. They were imaginary to live religious life after their husband died and were not allowed entry in any celebration. Their being there in any good work was considered to be a bad omen. Sometimes heads of widows were also shaved down. They were not allowed to remarry. Any woman remarrying was looked down by the society. This cruelty on widows was one of the main reasons for the large number of women committing Sati. In medieval India living as a Hindu widow was a sort of a curse. Purdah System: Purdah system is the practice among some communities of requiring women to cover their bodies so as to cover their skin and conceal their form. It imposes restrictions on the mobility of women, it is curtails their right to interact freely and a symbolic of the subordination of women. It does not reflect the religious teachings of either Hinduism or Islam, contrary to common belief, although misconceptions are occurred due to the ignorance and prejudices of religious leaders of both are faiths. Girl Education: The girls of medieval India and above all Hindu society be not given formal education. They were given education related to household chores. But a famous Indian philosopher Vatsyayana write that women were supposed to be perfect in sixty four arts which included cooking, spinning, grinding, knowledge of medicine, recitation and many more. C) Modern India Period Modern India witnessed some developments in the status and social position of women. There were many reformers in India who worked for the betterment and upliftment of their other female counterparts. The Begum of Bhopal discarded the purdha and fought in the revolt of 1857. Many reformers measures to eradicate social stigmas from the society. Sir Sayyid Ahamad Khan established the Aligarh Muslim University for the spread of education among the Muslims. Among many the Widow Remarriage Act of 1856 was important. The education system was also elevated. English was introduced in this period. Various female English writers like Sarojiini Naidu, Kamala Das made their presence felt in this period. In the modern times, women in India are given freedom and right such as freedom of expression and equality, as well as right to get education. Women in Contemporary India are doing the same what a male can do. Various prestigious positions are held by Indian women. They are enjoying the ladies first facility in various fields. But still problems like dowry, female infanticide, sex selective abortion, health, domestic violence, crime and atrocities are prevalent in the society. Several acts have been passed to demolish all these problems. But illiteracy and lack of awareness are the obstacles in the path of Indian women to stand against these follies. British India Period Womens Struggle and Reforms Though women of India are not at par among her counterpart in Western world but she is struggling hard to make her mark in mens world. We can count on certain names from the British India where women put the example of extraordinary bravery which even men might not be able to show. Rani Lakshmi Bai of Jhansi was the one such woman. She was the one who put even British rulers to dishonour with her extraordinary feat in battle. She fought for her kingdom, which Dalhousie, British Governor General, had unlawfully annexed. She was in a true sense the leader of uprising of 1857. There are certain men who took the cause of women in India. There have been social reformers like Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, Swami Vivekanand, Swami Dayananda Saraswati who have helped women gain their previous status in society. Raja Ram Mohan Roy Born on 22nd may 1772 he was the torchbearer of social reforms for the women. He was strictly against the evils prevalent in society in his time. He is the one who has done women a great favour by abolishing Sati lawfully. It was due to his efforts that Lord William Bentinck banned the custom of Sati in 1829. Though this law was not a great deterrent but it changed mindset of people to some extent. Ram Mohan Roy also did great work in the field of women education. He was against child marriage and favoured widow remarriage. He himself married a widow thus setting the example for the whole society. Along with Dwarka Nath Tagore he founded Brahmo Samaj for the reform of Indian society and emancipation of women. Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar was popularly well-known as Vidyasager, which means sea of knowledge. Testifying to his name he was truly the sea of knowledge. He was a pillar of social reform movement of Bengal in 19th century. He broadly read ancient Hindu scriptures and came to know that the gender divide which was prevalent in Bengal was not encoded in our ancient texts instead it is the politics to keep women subordinate to men. He strongly supported women education in Bengal and went door to door to persuade people to send their girl child to school. He also did a lot in the field of widow remarriage. He opened many schools for girls. Mahatma Jyotirao Phule Born on April 11, 1827, Pune, Jyotirao Govindrao Phule was a genuine philanthropist. He was the one to open first girl school in India. He is also credited with opening first home for widows of the upper caste and a home for newborn girl children so that they can be saved from female infanticide. Swami Dayanand Saraswati He was the founder of Arya Samaj and gave a cry, back to Vedas. He translated Vedas from Sanskrit to Hindi so that a common man can read it and understand that the Vedic Hindu scriptures gave utmost importance to women. He emphasize for the equal rights for women in every field. He tried to change the mindset of people with his Vedic teachings. Mahatma Gandhi The social reformers of 19th century laid down the stage for the emancipation of women but it was Mohan Das Karam Chand Gandhi under whose influence these reforms reached masses. He was the one who liberated Indian women from the rule of Purdah and other social evils. He brings them from their confinement and asked them to participate in the struggle for independence. According to him women should survive liberated from the slavery of kitchen only then their true potential could be realized. He said that liability of household is important for women but it should not be the only one. In fact she should arrive forward to share the responsibilities of nation. When Gandhi come to the step of Indian struggle for independence then the average life span of Indian women was 27 years and only 2%women were educated this shows what a Herculean task it was to bring the women of India who was not getting her basic rights to fight for the cause of the nation. But it was due to his efforts that so a lot of women like Sarojini Naidu, Vijayalakshmi Pandit, Aruna Asaf Ali, Sucheta Kriplani and Rajkumari Amrit Kaur came forward. He spread the message of equality of the gender to the masses and criticized the desire of Indian people to have male child instead of a female. Gandhiji was strictly beside the child marriage and favoured widow remarriage. He urged the youth to come forward and accept young widows as their life partner. He said that the girls are also capable of everything boys can do but the need of the time is to give them opportunities so that they can prove themselves. It was mostly due to his efforts that when India get independence right t o vote came naturally to Indian women whereas in other developed nations like England and America women got this right very late and that too after lot of protest. Spread of Education The idea of imparting education to women emerged in the British period. Earlier, it was almost universally hailed that since women need not earn their livelihood, there was no need of education for them. After the Bhakti Movement, the Christian Missionaries took interest in the education of the girls. The Hunter Commission too emphasized on the need for female education in 1882. The Calcutta, Bombay and Madras institutions did not permit the admission of girls till 1875. It was only after 1882 that girls were allowed to go for higher education. Since then, there has been a continuous progress in the extend of education among females. Though the number of girls studying at various levels was low, yet there has been a marked increase in the number of female students at every level from 1941 onwards. After Independence Period The status of women in modern India is a sort of a paradox. If on one hand she is at the peak of ladder of success, on the other hand she is mutely suffering the violence afflicted on her by her own family members. As compared with past women in modern times have achieved a lot but in reality they have to still travel a long way. Their path is full of roadblocks. The women have left the secured domain of their home and are now in the battlefield of life, fully armoured with their talent. They had proven themselves. But in India they are yet to get their dues. The sex ratio of India shows that the Indian society is still prejudiced against female. There are 933 females per thousand males in India according to the census of 2001, which is much below the world average of 990 females. There are many problems which women in India have to go through daily. These problems have become the part and parcel of life of Indian women and some of them have accepted them as their fate. The main problems of Indian womens are includes:- Malnutrition, Poor Health, Maternal Mortality, Lack of education, Mistreatment, Overworked, Lack of Power, Marriage, Dowry, Female infanticide/foeticide. Malnutrition Generally in India, women are the one who eat last and least in the whole family. So they eat whatever is left after men folk are satiated. As a result most of the times their food intake does not contain the nutritional value required in maintaining the healthy body. In villages, sometimes women do not get to eat the whole meal due to poverty. The UNICEF report of 1996 clearly states that the women of South Asia are not given proper care, which results in higher level of malnutrition among the women of South Asia than anywhere else in the world. This nutritional deficiency has two major consequences for women first they become anaemic and second they never achieve their full growth, which leads to an unending cycle of undergrowth as malnourished women cannot give birth to a healthy baby. Poor Health The malnutrition results in poor health of women. The women of India are prejudiced from the birth itself. They are not breastfed for long. In the want of a son the women wants to get pregnant as soon as possible which decreases the caring period to the girl child whereas the male members get adequate care and nutrition. Women are not given the right to free movement that means that they cannot go anywhere on their own if they want and they have to take the permission of male member of family or have to take them along. This results in decrease in womens visit to doctor and she could not pay attention to her health as a result. Maternal Mortality The mortality rate in India is among highest in the world. As females are not given proper attention, which results in the malnutrition and then they are married at an early age which leads to pregnancies at younger age when the body is not ready to bear the burden of a child. All this results in complications, which may lead to gynecological problems, which may become serious with time and may ultimately, lead to death. Lack of education In India women education never get its due share of awareness. From the medieval India women are debarred from the educational field. According to medieval awareness women require just household education and this perception of medieval India still persists in villages of India even today. Girls are supposed to fulfil domestic duties and education becomes secondary for them whereas it is considered to be important for boys. Although scenario in urban areas has changed a lot and women are opting for higher education but majority of Indian population residing in villages still live in medieval times. The people of villages consider girls to be curse and they do not want to waste money and time on them as they think that women should be wedded off as soon as possible. The main reason for not sending girls to school is the poor economic condition. Another reason is far off location of schools. In Indian society virginity and purity is given extreme importance during marriage and people are afraid to send their girl child to far off schools were male teacher teach them along with boys. The lack of education is the root reason for many other problems. An uneducated mother cannot look after her children properly and she is not aware of the fatal diseases and their cure, which leads to the poor health of the children. Uneducated people do not know about hygiene this lack of knowledge of hygiene may lead to poor health of the whole family. Mistreatment In India violence against women is a common evil. Not just in remote part but in cities also women bear the brunt. They are subjected to physical and mental violence. They are the one who work most but are not given their due. Women are safe anywhere neither at home nor at workplace. An hour a woman is raped in India and every 93 minutes a woman is burnt to death due to dowry problem. There are a lot of laws such as The Hindu Marriage Act of 1955, The Hindu Succession Act of 1956, The Hindu Widow Remarriage Act of 1856, The Hindu Women Right to Property Act of 1937, The Dowry Prohibition Act of 1961, to protect women and punishment is severe but the conviction rate of crime, atrocities and violence against women is very low in India. Overworked Indian women work more than men of India but their work is hardly recognized as they mainly do unskilled work. Their household chores is never counted as a work, if a woman is working in a field to help her husband it will also be not counted as a work. A study conducted by Mies in 1986 states that in Andhra Pradesh a woman works around 15 hours a day during the agricultural season whereas a male on an average works for around 7-8 hours. Lack of Power In India a large percentage of women do not have power. They cannot take decisions independently not even related to their own life. They have to take permission of male members for each and every issue. They dont have any say in important household matters and not in matter of their own marriage. Marriage The family mainly fixes the marriages in India. The scenario in villages is very bad. The girl is not consulted but is told to marry a guy whom her family has chosen for him. They are taught to abide by the whims and fancies of their husbands. Going against the wishes of husband is considered to be a sin. In marriage husband always has the upper hand. The groom and his parents show as if they are obliging the girl by marrying her and in return they demand hefty dowry. Dowry Its a serious issue. Courts are flooded with cases related to death due to dowry harassment by husband and in laws. In ancient times women were given Stridhan when they departed from the house of their parents. This amount of money was given to her as a gift which she can use on her and her children but her in-laws did not have any right on that amount. This amount was supposed to help the girl in time of need. Slowly this tradition became obligatory and took the form of dowry. Nowadays parents have to give hefty amount in dowry, the in laws of their girl are not concerned whether they can afford it or not. If a girl brings large amount of dowry she is given respect and is treated well in her new home and if she does not bring dowry according to expectations of her in laws then she has to suffer harassment. Due to this evil practice many newlywed women of India have to lose their lives. Female infanticide/foeticide As women were supposed to be and in some areas of India are still considered to be curse by some strata of society their birth was taken as a burden. So in past times they were killed as soon as they were born. In some of the Rajput clans of Rajasthan newly born girl child was dropped in a large bowl of milk and was killed. Today with the help of technology the sex of the unborn baby is determined and if it is a girl child then it is aborted down. In all this procedure women do not have any say they have to do according to the wish of their husbands even if she does not want to abort she have any choice. Divorce The divorce rate in India is not accordingly high compared to western countries but it does not mean that marriages are more successful here. The cause behind low level of divorce rate is that it is look down by the society. It is regard as the sign of breakdown of marriage, especially of women. She is treating as but she has committed some crime by divorcing her husband. In some community like Muslim women did not have the right to divorce their husband they were divorced at just the pronouncement of I divorce you by their husband thrice and they could not do anything except to be the mute spectator. Recently Muslim Law Board has given right of divorce to women. After divorce women is entitled to get her Mehr for herself and her childrens sustenance. In Hindu society women obtain maintenance for themselves and their children after divorce. WOMENS MOVEMENT That is evident fr

Hollow of the Three Hills Essay

Themes of the Hollow of the three Hills: -main character as a beautiful woman with a shameful and abominable past. -trying to run from it will only make the problem follow. -character as someone who is a plighted subject who had such a secret that she had to be where â€Å"no mortal could observe them. -She wanted this witch to help her see and hear what was happening with her loved ones; but she only had one hour to do so and after this one hour she would die Hawthorne did not come out and said this but in saying things like â€Å"there is but a short hour that we may tarry here. and I will do your bidding though I did . She had run from everything that was important to her because the most important, was dying. Hawthorne was not too clear in stating what exactly the problem was but it seemed that her daughter had fallen ill. – Throughout the story Hawthorne masks this fact well and uses foreshadowing nicely. In one part where the main character is looking in on her parents by means of the witches powers and Hawthorne describes her parents as speaking †¦of a daughter, a wanderer they -Not only she had left him with pain and suffering for their child but she had also left him with pain and aversion towards her. She tried to run away from her daughter’s sickness and encroaching death, but by doing so only brought guilt and remorse upon herself. She must have known that her husband would have strong feelings of antipathy towards her and still willingly looked in on his life to see how he was. – The part in the story when she looked back towards her husband was the part of the story that stuck out the most as Nathaniel Hawthorne’s style of writing. This was a good example of his ‘Puritan Guilt Ethic’. She felt such remorse for leaving that the only good thing to do was to check up on him and see if he was all right. Nathaniel Hawthorne uses the ‘Puritan Guilt Ethic’ in most of his short stories and novels and this is one example of him using it. – The daughter died of her illness as Hawthorne foreshadowed throughout the short story by writing such things as â€Å"into the tone of a death bell and â€Å"like lamplight on the wall of a sepulchre. The main character left her daughter to die and that is just what happened. Looking back in retrospect the main character probably would have stayed with her daughter. -As a mother watching her daughter’s funeral brigade must have broken her heart but watching it through a witches spell must have shattered it. –  Hawthorne’s main character chose to run like a coward and in the end paid the worst consequence of all. She gave up her life to witness the pain and suffering she had cause to others. With her daughter dead by disease, her husband infuriated with hatred and pain, and her parents filled with disgust and humiliation she had no one that cared about her at all because she couldn’t handle the emotional stress. How much emotional stress does it seem she caused to others in the end though? She tried to escape her duties as a wife and mother but they just followed her to the very end

The Things They Carried By Tim O Brien - 1737 Words

Afterlife of War Tim O’Brien’s â€Å"The Things They Carried† is based on what soldiers went through facing war, and what they carried physically as well as emotionally. All of this pressure from war can cause and has caused post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the soldiers. â€Å"PTSD is the development of a set of symptoms in the aftermath of psychologically distressing event—an event â€Å"outside the range of normal human experience.†Ã¢â‚¬  (Roberts 3). PTSD is a disorder that can happen to anyone, but many see it diagnosed in war veterans, from the effects of war. This disorder can ranges from outburst to solitude and can affect each person in a different way. Some symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder are re-experiencing or flashbacks,†¦show more content†¦(O’Brien 1519). The symptoms vary with each soldier depending on how the soldier faced and took in the war. Though the symptoms are: re-experiencing, such as reliving, hallu cinations, flashbacks, or feeling/acting as though the trauma is happening again. (Finely 11) This can cause major disorientation in the soldier, which causes pain to the veteran and family who they associate with. Avoidance/Numbing is also a symptom, this symptom affects feelings, although it may be hard to explain, it is the attempt to avoid thoughts, feelings or discussions of the trauma (Finely 11); for soldiers in war it may be the war in all. The Soldiers in â€Å"The Things They Carried† (Lieutenant Cross) kept to himself about how he felt when his man was shot, he felt he was supposed to protect him and so he avoided the others and his feelings about that situation (O’Brien 1525). Hyperarousal is something simple but something that soldiers have an intensified amount of. The trouble of falling or staying asleep, may be because they don’t want dreams of what they have gone through, the exaggerated startle response is because how they trained to survive the war (Finley 11), a simple wake up may put them in fight for life mode. Soldiers face difficult times in the war, and they don’t realize the harm that happened to them from the war. Wars are a difficult place to be. â€Å"THE VIETNAM WAR transformed a generation† (Roberts 1). With all that happened during the war such as exposure to

Essay about Societys Dependence on Computers - 919 Words

Computers are everywhere, and they are used for everything, and in every type of business have we become too dependent on computers? The younger generation particularly has seized on the strange communication through the Internet. Using chat groups on different subjects they are taking in school, they conduct live conversations by keyboard through the internet. Since computers have been invented, so many people everywhere find themselves dependent on computers. Computers are appearing almost about every aspect of our lives, and in most cases, they are making things very easy r for us. 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